Angie

__Question__ **__Introduction__** I am testing to see if the amount of salt put into regular tap water will effect the freezing in any way. For example if the amount of time or the look changed that is the kind of change I am looking for.
 * __The Effect of Salt on Water’s Freezing Point__**
 * Does the amount of salt effect the freezing?**

I think the salt will have an effect on the freezing.
 * __Hypothesis__**
 * __Materials__**
 * Tap water
 * Salt
 * 5 plastic cups
 * Freezer
 * Teaspoon measuring utensil
 * Tablespoon measuring utensil
 * 1/2 cup measuring utensil

Tap water contains: Chlorine, Fluoride, and other contaminants (PCBs, THMs, heavy metals). Tap water contains many chemicals that are not good for the human body. Chloride and sodium ions, the two major components of salt. Table salt is refined salt, which contains about 97% to 99% sodium chloride. Under normal conditions, ordinary water freezes at 0°C, or 32°F. However, if you add salt to water, its freezing point becomes lower. At the right is a container of water with an ice cube in it. The water and ice are at **0°C**, which is the melting point of ice and the freezing point of water. Molecules of ice are constantly escaping into the water (melting), and molecules of water are being captured on the surface of the ice (freezing). First I put 1/2 cup of water in five plastic McDonald's cups. I waited five minutes for the water to get room temperature. Next I added the amount of salt that each cup needed. After that was done I labeled them alphabetically. I labeled “A” on the cup that had ¼ teaspoon of salt,”B” was the cup that had 1 teaspoon of salt, “C” was the cup of water with1 ½ teaspoon of salt, “D” was the cup of water with 1 tablespoon of salt, and “E” was the cup of water with tap water. After that I put all of them in the freezer. At 4:53 pm, then the next day I checked on it at 10:42 am it was not all the way frozen so I put it back in the freezer. I checked on it again at 4:12 pm that same day it was still not all the way frozen so I put it back in the freezer. The following day I checked them at 10:44 am, this time it was all frozen well at least most of them.
 * __Background Information__**
 * __Procedure__**

Cup “A” had and air bubble in the middle and was completely clear. Cup “B” was only halfway frozen. Cup “C” was frozen only on the top. Cup “D” looked foggy, had a line-like texture and, was fragile. Cup “E” did not freeze it only had a few ice chunks. According to the results the salt water froze faster than the regular tap water. Does the kind of freezer effect the results? If you use real salt water from the ocean and real freshwater will the results be different?
 * __Results__**
 * __Conclusion__**
 * __Questions for further study__**
 * __References/Bibliography__**
 * "Water Science for Schools: Water properties, water measurements." //USGS Georgia Water Science Center//. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2010. <__http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/mwater.html__>.
 * "Tap water and water filtration systems." //Healing through Detoxification, Cleansing, Chelation, and Juicing.//. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2010. <__http://www.healingdaily.com/detoxification-diet/water-filtration-systems.htm__>.
 * "Salt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2010. <__http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt__>.
 * "Tap Water? No thanks!." //Sue Widemark on the Web//. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2010. []
 * "Tap water - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2010. <__http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_water__>.
 * Bragg, Patricia. Water: The Shocking Truth That can Save Your Life. Santa Barbara: Bragg Health Sciences, 2004. Print.
 * "Salt - Science for Kids!." //Kidipede - History and Science for Kids - Homework Help for Middle School//. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2010. .
 * "Freezing Up the Flow." //Science News// 29 July 2006: 70. Print.
 * "Salt and the Freezing Point of Water ......................................" //Worsley School OnLine... the website for Worsley School ...................//. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2010. .